现在完成进行时(现在完成时和现在完成进行时区别总结)
英语现在时态里,现在完成时和现在完成进行时是所表达的意思往往很相似,我们不容易区别。
但是,它们无疑是两种不同的时态,有时候是不能互相替代的。
一、表达以下几种情况,我们用现在完成时:
1,形容动作从过去延续到现在(谓语动词必须是延续性动词):
I haven't phoned home since Christmas.
圣诞节后我就没给家里打过电话。
She has studied non-stop since 9.15.
My brother has been in England for more than two weeks now.
我哥哥到英国已经两个多星期了。
一般for+一段时间或since+过去的具体时间引导时间状语。
2,形容到现在为止(可能反复发生)的情况:
The bridge project has already fallen behind schedule.
桥梁工程已经落后于工期。
I've had three cups of coffee today.
我今天喝了三杯咖啡。
I've been to Beijing more than ten times.
我去过北京十多次了。
I haven't been to the bank since last month.
从上个月起我就没去过银行。
3,形容过去的动作与现在有某种联系。也就是说这个动作发生在过去,但我们要表达的是它对现在的影响,例如:
Mom's just made a cake.
妈妈刚做了个蛋糕。(有蛋糕吃了)
The field has been seeded with corn.
地里种了玉米。(不能随便踩了)
The whole process has now been greatly simplified.
整个过程现已大大简化。(现在方便了)
I have eaten too much cake, and now I feel sick.
我吃了太多的蛋糕,现在觉得不舒服。
He has broken his arm so he can’t play tennis with me.
他手臂骨折了,所以不能和我打网球。
这种情况一般不说明发生的具体时间。例如:
She has painted the walls.
她已经粉刷了墙壁。
He has become celebrated as a pop singer.
他已成为著名的流行歌手。
She has made a television documentary on poverty in our cities.
她制作了一部关于我们城市贫困的电视纪录片。
We have been to Berlin before.
我们以前去过柏林。
(before后有具体时间,不能用完成时)
如果我们想告诉某人什么时候发生的事,用一般过去时态。例如:
We stayed at home last weekend.
上周末我们呆在家里。
He lived in Hangzhou ten years ago.
他十年前住在杭州。
二,用现在完成时的1,2种情况,也可能现在完成进行时:
1,动作从过去延续到现在:
I have been waiting for you all afternoon.
我整个下午都在等你。
They have been working very hard since last week.
从上星期起他们一直在努力工作。
He has been playing the guitar since he was five.
他从五岁起就一直弹吉他。
We have been shopping all afternoon.
我们整个下午都在购物。
2,现在为止反复发生的情况:
It has been raining all day.
雨下了一整天。
She has been injecting herself with insulin since the age of 16.
她从16岁开始注射胰岛素。
以上情况,用现在完成时和现在完成进行时只是语气不同,完成进行时加强了说话人的语气,起强调作用。
表达发生在过去的动作对现在的影响,不用现在完成进行时。
下面的两个句子能帮助我们加以区分:
a)I have been reading the novel.
我一直在读这本小说。
b) I have read the novel.
我读过这本小说。
在“a”句(现在完成进行时)中,描述正在进行但不一定完成的活动。
在“b”句(现在完成时)中,表达完成的意思。
下面是更多的例子:
He has been preparing food all afternoon.
他整个下午都在准备食物(不一定准备就绪)。
He has prepared the dinner.
他已经准备好了晚餐(食物准备好了。)
They have been watching television this afternoon.
今天下午他们一直在看电视。
They have watched four films.
他们看了四部电影。
I've been drinking beer.
我一直在喝啤酒。
I've drunk six bottles of beer.
我喝了六瓶啤酒。