1. [2018·全国卷Ⅰ] To avoid knee pain, you can run onsoft surfaces, do exercises to (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and getgood running shoes.
2. [2017·全国卷Ⅲ] She is determined to carry on with her(educate).
3. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ] This development was only possible with the(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
4. [2017·全国卷Ⅰ] However, be(care) not to go to extremes.
5. [2016·浙江卷自选模块] I deeply respect her (determine)and ability to stand up for herself, and I am grateful to have such a positiverole model.
构词法归纳复习
考点一合成法
规则复合名词的主要构成方式
名词 名词 | silkworm蚕;classroom教室 |
形容词 名词 | double-dealer两面派 |
v.-ing 名词 | swimming pool游泳池 |
动词 名词 | breakwater防波堤;pickpocket扒手 |
名词 v.-ing | handwriting笔迹 |
动词 副词 | get-together联欢会;breakthrough突破 |
副词 动词 | downfall垮台;outbreak爆发 |
规则复合形容词的主要构成方式
形容词 名词 -ed | cold-blooded冷酷的 |
形容词 名词 | high-class高级的 |
形容词 v.-ing | easy-going随和的 |
形容词 过去分词 | newborn新生的 |
形容词 形容词 | bitter-sweet甜中有苦的 |
名词 v.-ing | life-saving救生的 |
名词 过去分词 | handmade手工制作的 |
名词 形容词 | nationwide全国性的 |
数词 名词 ed | one-sided片面的 |
数词 名词 形容词 | five-year-old五周岁的 |
规则复合动词的主要构成方式
名词 动词 | sleepwalk梦游 |
副词 动词 | overcome克服;undergo经历 |
形容词 动词 | blacklist列入黑名单 |
考点二转化法
名词转化为动词 | face脸—face面对 |
形容词转化为动词 | dirty脏的—dirty弄脏 |
动词转化为名词 | design 设计—design图案 |
形容词转化为名词 | daily每日的—daily日报 |
形容词转化为副词 | deep深的—deep深深地 |
考点三派生法
规则前缀构词法
前缀 | 例词 |
dis(不,否定) | dissatisfy使不满意;dishonest不诚实 |
un(不) | unable不能够;unlucky不幸的 |
un(做相反动作) | undress脱衣服;unload卸货 |
in(不,非) | inactive不活跃的;incorrect不正确的 |
im(不,非) | impolite没有礼貌的 |
ir(不,非) | irregular不规则的 |
il(不,非) | illogical不合逻辑的;illegal非法的 |
non(不,非) | non-existent不存在的 |
mis(错误的) | misunderstand误解;misfortune厄运 |
re(重复,再) | rewrite重写;remarry再婚 |
en(使) | enrich丰富;enable使能够 |
ex(以前的) | ex-wife前妻 |
super(在……上面; 超级) | supermarket超市; supermodel超级名模 |
under(在……之下) | underestimate低估; underground地下的 |
sub(在……下;次于; 低于) | subway地铁; submarine潜艇 |
inter(相互之间) | international国际的; interact相互作用 |
semi(半) | semi-final半决赛;semicircle半圆 |
multi(多) | multinational跨国的 |
(续表)
前缀 | 例词 |
kilo(千) | kilometre千米,公里; kilogram千克 |
centi(百分之一) | centimetre厘米;centigram厘克 |
milli(千分之一) | millimetre毫米;milligram毫克 |
tele(远) | telephone电话;television电视 |
a(在……上/ 里;向……) | aboard在船/火车/飞机上; ahead在前面; aside在旁边;abroad在国外 |
auto(自己的,独自的) | automobile机动车,汽车; autobiography自传 |
over(太) | overfull太满的,过多的 |
extra(额外) | extraordinary非凡的 |
pre(预先) | predict预告;preview预习 |
规则后缀构词法
(1)名词后缀
后缀 | 例词 |
age(状态;集合) | shortage缺少;marriage婚姻 |
an/ian(人,……家) | American美国人; Australian澳大利亚人 |
ence/ency(构成 抽象名词) | dependence依靠;frequency频率 |
ance(性质,状态) | importance重要性 |
ant/ent(人) | assistant助手;student学生 |
cion/sion/tion/ation (动作,状态) | suspicion怀疑;tension紧张; repetition重复 |
ee(动作承受者或 受影响者) | employee受雇者;refugee难民 |
er/or(人或物) | writer作家;actor演员 |
ess(女性) | actress女演员;waitress女服务员; hostess女主人 |
ism(主义,……教) | communism共产主义 |
ist(……主义者,……家) | communist共产主义者 |
ment(行为;结果;状态;性质) | argument争论;government政府;development发展 |
ship(关系,身份) | friendship友谊 |
hood(身份;性质) | childhood童年 |
ty(状态;性质) | anxiety焦虑 |
ure(结果;行为;状态;实物) | pressure压力;picture图画;pleasure高兴 |
al(动作过程;结果) | arrival到达;approval同意 |
(2)形容词后缀
后缀 | 例词 |
al | national国家的;continental大陆的 |
ed | learned有学识的;talented有才华的 |
en | golden金色的;wooden木制的 |
ful | beautiful美丽的;useful有用的 |
ic/ical | economic经济的;political政治的 |
ish | childish幼稚的;selfish自私的 |
ive | creative有创造力的 |
less | useless无用的;careless粗心的 |
ly | friendly友好的;deadly致命的 |
ous | dangerous危险的;glorious光荣的 |
ward | downward向下的 |
y | rainy多雨的;noisy吵闹的 |
(3)动词后缀
后缀 | 例词 |
en(使变得) | deepen加深 |
fy(使……化) | simplify简化 |
ize/ise(使…… 变成……) | realize实现; industrialize使工业化 |
(4)副词后缀
后缀 | 例词 |
ly | carefully小心地;beautifully美丽地;quickly迅速地 |
ward(s) | forward(s)向前;backward(s)向后 |
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. In a good (marry),both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.
2. In a (danger)part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to look for adolphin.
3. Teachers musttry their best to make most of their students (interest)in the subject.
4. When Chinas ancientscientific and technological (achieve) arementioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
5. To most youngchildren, being laughed at by others is a(n) (pleasant)experience.
6. It wasimportant for you to (write) the essay topolish it according to the editors suggestion.
7. The parentswere shocked by the news that their son needed an (operate)on his knee.
8. Wherever theywent, they were (close)followed by security men.
9. There must besomething (serious)wrong with our society.
10. Peoplecertainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one importantthing to know is, no knowledge is (use).
11. The reporthas a detailed (describe)of what happened yesterday.
12. I followedher to the railway station and then she (appear) suddenly.
13. He hardlyever exercises. So he is kind of(health).
14. His teachertook a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked himvery much for the sweet water.
15. (fail)is such a common matter that every one of us may meet it from time to time.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.The fruits aresmall in size, but juicy and taste.
2.We are growingwonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
3.The teachershere are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also ourfriends.
4.No one in thecarriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.
5.That is toomuch for us, considering how closely the houses are.
Ⅲ.语法填空
The “Beginning of Summer” (Lixia) is the 1.(seven) of the 24 solar terms, falling on May 5 this year on the Gregoriancalendar. After the “Beginning of Summer”, trees put out2.(leaf), crops grow fast, the heat of summer approaches and farmers are verybusy.
People 3.(attach) great importance to the “Beginning of Summer” since ancient times. Itis 4.vital moment in the agricultural cycle. It 5.(record) that in the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC—221BC) the emperor would take histop civil and military officials to the outskirts of the capital on this day 6.(welcome) summer. He 7. also send otherofficials to encourage farmers to get on with their farm work.
As summer 8.(gradual) permeates the air, temperatures rise and hours of daylight lengthen.In towns, people cantwait to dress 9.(they)in their summer clothes, while in the countryside, farmers busythemselves clearing out their barns 10. the summer harvestapproaches. In southern China, farmers plant different kinds of vegetables inthe fields.
