cake可数吗(cake怎么给学生讲不可数)

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cake可数吗(cake怎么给学生讲不可数)2021-07-02 10:14·半导体加工

第一部分:词性

第1章 名词

一.概念

名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词,有专有名词和普通名词之分,还有可数名词与不可数名词之分.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.名词复数的规则变化

初高中英语语法大全第二讲:Chapter1. 词性-名词

2.其它名词复数的规则变化

1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如: 

two Marys     the Henrys

monkey---monkeys

holiday---holidays  

2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:

   a. 加s,如: photo---photos   piano---pianos

radio---radios   zoo---zoos;

   b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes  tomato--tomatoes

   c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。 

3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:

   a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs  roof---roofs

  safe---safes  gulf---gulfs;

   b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves  

    knife---knives leaf---leaves  wolf---wolves

    wife---wives  life---lives  thief---thieves;

c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

3.名词复数的不规则变化

1) child---children  foot---feet  tooth---teeth

mouse---mice    man---men  woman---women 

注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

2) 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:

people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。

b. news 为不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

  The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。                          

4. 不可数名词量的表示

1)物质名词

a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。

比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数)

These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)

b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:

This factory produces steel. (不可数)

We need various steels. (可数)

c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:

Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。

Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。

2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:

four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化

物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。

5. 定语名词的复数

名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。

1) 用复数作定语。例如:

sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室

talks table 谈判桌

the foreign languages department 外语系

2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如:

 men workers 

women teachers  

gentlemen officials

3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如:

   goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产

     customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷

 4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:

two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋  a ten-mile walk 十英里路

two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划

6. 不同国籍人的单复数

初高中英语语法大全第二讲:Chapter1. 词性-名词

7. 名词的格

  英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下:

1) 单数名词词尾加"'s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。

2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。

3) 凡不能加"'s"的名词,都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。

4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。

5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'。例如:

John's and Mary's rooms(两间)  John and Mary's room(一间)

6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如:a month or two's absence

三.巩固练习

1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______.

a.little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages

2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war.

a.an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes

3.The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year.

a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation

4.Paiting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.

a.oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil

5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here.

a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many

6.The large houses are being painted, but ______.

a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense

7.The room was small and contained far too ______.

a.much new furniture c. much new furnitures

b.many new furniture d. many new furnitures

8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.

a. rooms number b. room number c. room’s numbers d. room numbers

9.Computers can do ______ work in a short time, but a man can not do ______ by himself.

a great many…many c. much…a great deal

b.great deal of…much d. many…a great many

10.She didn’t know _____ he had been given.

a. how many information c. how many informations

b. the number of information d. how much information

11.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.

a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm

b. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm

12.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.

a. women doctors c. woman doctors

b. women doctor d. woman doctor

13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____.

a. growns-ups c. growns-up

b. grown-up d. grown-ups

14.The police investigated those _____ about the accident.

a. stander-by c. standers-by

b. stander-bys d. standers-bys

15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.

a.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-war

b.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war

16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately.

a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels

17.Mary’s dress is similar in appearance to her ______.

a. elder sister b. elder sister’s c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress

18.All the people at the conference are ______.

a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher

b.mathematics teachers d. mathematic’s teachers

19.Professor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance.

a. some property c. properties

b. some properties d. property

20.Physics _____ with matter and motion.

a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are

四.答案

DDCCACADCDCADBBBBCCB

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